Attribution or Reporting Clause in Writing

Attribution also called a  reporting clause in academia, is the identification of the speaker or source of written material. It is commonly  expressed in words like she said, he shouted or he asks or the name of the source and the appropriate verb. Sometimes this attribution identifies the tone as well as who made the statement. Both direct and indirect quotes require attribution. Good Writing Definition In The Facts on File Guide to Good Writing from 2006, Martin H. Manser discusses attribution. The positioning of attribution discussed here for an indirect quote is not written in stone; many good writing authorities, particularly in journalism, prefer that attribution comes at the end of the quote, regardless of whether it is direct or indirect. This is one opinion. The  reporting clause  consists of a subject and a verb of speaking or writing, as well as any other related information -- Roger said; answered Tom; they shouted angrily. In  indirect  speech,  the reporting clause always precedes the reported clause, but indirect  speech, it may be placed before, after, or in the middle of the reported clause. When it is inserted after or in the middle of the reported clause, it is set off by commas, and the verb is often placed before the subject -- said his mother; replied Bill. When the reporting clause is placed at the beginning of the sentence, it is usual to follow it with a comma or colon, which appears before the opening quotation marks. When a text has two or more people involved in a conversation, it is common for the reporting clause to be omitted once it has established whose turn it is to speak: What do you mean by that? demanded Higgins.What do you think I mean? responded Davies.Im not sure.Let me know when you are. Note also that the convention of beginning a new paragraph with each new speaker aids in distinguishing the individuals in a conversation. Omitting  the Word That David Blakesley and Jeffrey Hoogeveen discuss the use of the word that in quotations in The Thomson Handbook (2008). You may have noticed that that is sometimes absent from  reporting clauses. The decision to omit that is based on several factors. Informal contexts and academic writing, that  is generally included. That  can be omitted when (1) the subject of  the  that complement is a pronoun, (2) the reporting clause and  the that clause  Ã‚  have the same subject, and/or (3) the writing context is informal. Heres an example from Cormac McCarthys The Crossing (1994):She said that  she thought the land was under a curse and asked him for his opinion, but  he said  he knew little of the country. About the Word Said Heres what eminent grammarian Roy Peter Clark said the word said in Writing Tools: 50 Essential Strategies for Every Writer (2006): Leave said  alone. Dont be tempted by the muse of variation to permit characters to opine, elaborate, cajole or chortle. Examples of Attribution From The Great Gatsby, F. Scott Fitzgerald  (1925) [Gatsby] broke off and began to walk up and down a desolate path of fruit rinds and discarded favors and crushed flowers.I wouldnt ask too much of her, I ventured. You cant repeat the past.Cant repeat the past? he cried incredulously. Why of course you can!He looked around him wildly, as if the past were lurking here in the shadow of his house, just out of reach of his hand.Im going to fix everything just the way it was before, he said, nodding determinedly. Shell see.   From Wise Blood, Flannery OConnor (1952) I reckon you think you been redeemed, he said. Mrs. Hitchcock snatched at her collar.I reckon you think you been redeemed, he repeated.She blushed. After a second she said yes, life was an inspiration and then she said she was hungry and asked if he didnt want to go into the diner.

The Civil Rights Movement of the 50s and 60s - 1110 Words

The civil rights movement of the 1950s and 1960s share a history of both violent and nonviolent protests. While some members of the movement choose to fight inequality through violence, the outcome that brought the civil rights movement to equality was through nonviolence means. A Group such as the black Panthers was considered to be a U.S. black militant group that was formed originally to provide self-defense against the local police. The civil rights were not achieved by just one man or one group it was a total effort amongst hundreds and thousands of individual. The leaders of the civil rights movement choose strategies of nonviolence as a tool to dismantle traditional racial segregation, discrimination, and inequality. Most followed Martin Luther King Jr. Guiding principles of nonviolence and passive resistance (cite). The leaders of the civil rights movement understood that segregation would go to any lengths to maintain the control and power over the blacks. Therefore they knew they had to show the rest of the people outside of the southern states of their struggle of violence that has been going on for decades. One civil right activist stated that they would hope and pray for the newspapers reporters to come and show the world that the primary reason blacks remained in such a subordinate position in the South was because of the widespread violence directed against them (cite). While there were main individuals that took part in the civil rights movement, MartinShow MoreRelatedCivil Rights Movement of the 50s and 60s1425 Words   |  6 PagesThe Civil Rights Movement of the 50’s and 60’s Once upon a horrible time, the United States was a segregated country in which blacks were considered some sort of subspecies. Although the civil war addressed segregation it didn’t enforce it. While black and white citizens were becoming a group of equals in the north, the story was much different in the segregated south. 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In the 1960s the decade involved protest, the war in Vietnam, the fight for civil rights, and JFK. Then came the 1970s and it was known as the time of peace and love, equality for all, the ongoing war in Vietnam, and Nixon. Each decade after one another affected the next with foreign policy, domestic policy, politics, political leadership, the economy, and the social termsRead MoreThe Music Of The 1940 S1273 Words   |  6 Pages The music of the 1940’s was the Big Band sound like Tommy Dorsey, Glenn Miller, Duke Ellington and Benny Goodman. Popular singers were the Andrews Sisters, Kay Kaiser and many other famous ones. There were crooner style singers, including Bing Crosby, whose smooth voice made him one of the most popular singers. There was Frank Sinatra, Dinah Shore, Tony Bennett, Pat Boone, Nat King Cole, Kate Smith and Perry Como. All of these very popular singers led the hit parade. They sang the songs thatRead MoreMalcolm X : The Black Leader And Activist1656 Words   |  7 Pagesthe African American community and Nation of Islam in the 50’s and 60’s. He had a troubled childhood growing up in a time of awful racism. His childhood experiences affected him and his decisions for many years in positive and negative ways. Malcolm X was a strong willed man with huge ideas for the civil rights of African Americans that created a huge following of people for him. He did not feel that nonviolent approaches towards civil rights would result in change and had a different and more radicalRead MoreSoul Music, Or Soul?1237 Words   |  5 Pagesheyday did more than simply entertain. During the 1950’s through the 1970 s, was also when the American Civil Rights Movement was coming to a head. Because of the that, it impacted the musical styles which reflected in the music and the culture of that era. 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Fourth Industrial Revolution Free Essays

Fourth industrial revolution has started talking since 1999 (Abdullah et. al., 2017). We will write a custom essay sample on Fourth Industrial Revolution or any similar topic only for you Order Now It refers to a further developmental stage in the organization and management of the entire value chain process involved in manufacturing industry (AATC Finance, 2015). The Minister of Communications and Multimedia, Datuk Seri Dr. Salleh Said Keruak, had said that Malaysian society must be prepared to face the fourth industrial revolution and all its challenges to continue develop this country (The Malay Mail Online, 2017 December 15). Datuk Seri Dr. Salleh Said Keruak had mentioned that Industry 4.0 would bring important changes to the traditional media industry when people no longer needed the newspaper and started use the smart phone and computer to read news (The Malay Mail Online, 2017 December 15). As reported by Researchgate (2015), Malaysians are the welcoming lot in embracing new technologies, such that become one of the active users of application like Whatsapp, Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram. According to Schwab (2016), the fourth industrial revolution has the potential to raise global income levels and improve the quality of life for populations around the world. The fourth industrial revolution made change in technologies breakthroughs in connectivity, artificial intelligence, machine learning, internet of things, and other innovative technologies (unicefstories, 2017). As the usage of smart devices, laptops, tablets, and personal computers has expanded, so demand for internet will be increase. According to Ashton (2009), the term Internet of Things (IoT) had created in 1999 by Kevin Ashton, who is the British entrepreneur and innovator. The IoT refers to things connected to the internet that one can access through pervasive technologies (Atzori, Iera, Morabito Nitti, 2012). The IoT enables user to achieve their intentions with the click of a button, giving them complete control of devices and apparatus that will simplify their lives (Abdullah et.al, 2017). The IoT includes all of the devices including some quite intelligent and others quite simplistic, that are now connected to the internet and therefore an overarching infrastructure. According to a recent estimation by McKinsey, the potential economic impact of IoT applications in 2025 is between US$ 3.9 and $11.1 trillion, of which $1.2 to $3.7 trillion is allotted to IoT applications within the factory environment (Zuhlke Gorecky, 2017 Jan 04). According to unicefstories (2017), applications of the internet of things consist of smart home, wearables, smart cities and connected car. The smart home is likely the most popular IoT application because it is the one that is most affordable and readily available to consumers. The wearable is also popular among the users. For example, Apple Watch which is no longer just for telling time, but also enabling text messaging, phone calls, and more. The smart cities refer to the internet of things that has the potential to transform entire cities by solving real problems citizens face each day. With the proper connections and data, the internet of things can solve traffic congestion issues and reduce noise, crime, and pollution. Lastly is connected car. It considers when vehicles are equipped with internet access and can share that access with others, just like connecting to a wireless network in a home or office. For example is like Grab car services that allow customers books car through Grab’s application. In the perspectives of human resource economics, human resource is an important factor for economic development. For example in Japan and Singapore, both countries were mobilizing their human resources by increase the managerial capacity and entrepreneurship and leads to innovation. Japan also implements consensus system known as ‘ringi system’. Ringi system is one of the most important human resource management practices in Japan where decisions are made up with regard to the long term impacts rather than just the immediate short-term impacts. The transformation of the fourth industrial revolution gave impact to human resource economics, thus, changing the economic development in Malaysia. In the future, human labors are no longer use because all the production lines in manufacturing facility will be taken over completely by robots. In the long run, using robots in the production will be sustainable because can minimize errors and save costs. This is called smart factory which are highly effective and efficient in technology. For example is smart watch that is able to give four functions such as tell time, text message, make telephone calls and provide health data (Meola, 2016). The internet of things also intensifies the potential to solve problems which are related to traffic, help reduce noise, crimes and pollution (Abdullah et. al, 2017). Fourth industrial revolution technology helps changing the way we live and work from traditional to modern life. In addition, the future need of human resources in future is important especially in manufacturing sector. But it helps a lot the business sector where supplier can transform their business models from selling a product to providing a managed service. On the other hand, the products become assets that can connect to the internet straight away remotely monitored by the system (Frangos, 2017 Jun 24). In the future, this can help companies to better understand how assets are used, minimized an impact, and better understanding of risk and financial exposure (Frangos, 2017 Jun 24). According to unicefstories (2017), Erica Kochi, the Futures Lead, Office of Innovation, UNICEF had stated that the young people will face these two major challenges: (i) industrialization will die out soon since it belongs to the previous generation, thus, killing the jobs that require skill and (ii) the effort to equip youth with the proper skills will be hampered by the absence or lack of suitable education system. From my opinion, to be a responsible people, we need to prepare young people to be able participate in fourth industrial revolution. Governments, corporations and civil society all must play a role and it requires a dramatically different approach. At the same time, our traditional notions of classrooms and curriculums will need rethinking. How to cite Fourth Industrial Revolution, Papers